《植物生理学报》 2021, 57(2): 501-511

西藏黄牡丹花粉生活力、 寿命及贮存生理机制研究

贾文庆^1,*，郭英姿²，赵国栋³，王国伟¹，闫三妮³，王二强⁴，刘会超¹，朱军胜³

¹河南科技学院河南省园艺植物资源利用与种质创新工程研究中心, 河南新乡453003；²河南农业大学风景园林与艺术学院, 郑州450046；³洛阳国家牡丹园, 河南洛阳471000；⁴洛阳农林科学院, 河南洛阳471023

通信作者：贾文庆；E-mail: jiawg2012@126.com

摘　要：

以西藏黄牡丹花粉为材料, 采用扫描电镜观察了花粉表观特征, 利用离体培养法研究花粉的萌发特性, 并探讨了不同贮存温度及时间对花粉寿命、 SOD、 POD、 CAT活性、 MDA和AsA含量的影响。结果表明: 黄牡丹林芝种群花粉大小约为51.35 μm×3.85 μm, 表面纹饰为粗网筛状。花粉饱满率是影响花粉萌发率的主要因素。影响西藏黄牡丹花粉萌发的因子依次为: 蔗糖>硼酸>Ca(NO₃)2>GA₃, 最适宜花粉萌发的培养基为: 120 g·L^-1蔗糖+45 mg·L^-1硼酸+30 mg·L^-1 Ca(NO₃)₂+55 mg·L^-1 GA₃。不同贮藏温度和贮藏时间对花粉发芽率的影响有显著差异, 花粉贮存的最佳温度为–196°C。花粉萌发率与3种保护酶活性、 AsA含量呈显著正相关, 与MDA含量呈显著负相关。室温下POD为敏感性保护酶, 4°C下SOD和POD是敏感性保护酶, –20和–80°C下, SOD为敏感性保护酶; 3种保护酶活性及AsA含量对花粉萌发率的影响次序为: SOD>CAT>AsA>POD。花粉贮存期间花粉保护酶活性、 MDA和AsA含量保持稳定是花粉保持高活力的生理特征。

关键词：西藏黄牡丹; 花粉; 寿命; 贮存; 保护酶; 丙二醛; 抗坏血酸

收稿：2020-03-26   修定：2020-12-21

资助：国家重点研发计划支持课题(2018YFD1000401)和河南省科技发展计划项目(202102110082)。

Studies on the pollen viability, longevity and storage physiological mechanism of Paeonia lutea

JIA Wenqing^1,*, GUO Yingzi², ZHAO Guodong³, WANG Guowei¹, YAN Sanni³, WANG Erqiang⁴, LIU Huichao¹, ZHU Junsheng³

¹Henan Province Engineering Research Center of Horticultural Plant Resource Utilization and Germplasm Enhancement, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, China; ²College of Landscape Architecture and Art, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450046, China; ³Luoyang National Peony Garden, Luoyang, Henan 471000, China; ⁴Luoyang Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Luoyang, Henan 471023, China #Co-f

Corresponding author: JIA Wenqing; E-mail: jiawg2012@126.com

Abstract:

The pollen of Paeonia lutea was used to observe the pollen morphology by scanning electron microscope. The germination characteristics of pollen were investigated by in vitro culture method. The effect of different storage temperature and time on pollen longevity, SOD, POD, CAT activities, MDA and AsA contents were explored. The results showed that the pollen size of P. lutea Linzhi population was about 51.35 μm×3.85 μm, and pollen ornamentation was rough reticulate. The pollen fullness was the main factor affecting the pollen germination rate. And the factors affecting the germination of P. lutea pollen was: sucrose>boric acid>Ca(NO₃)₂>GA₃. The optimal medium for pollen germination was 120 g·L^–1 sucrose+45 mg·L^–1 boric acid+30 mg·L^–1 Ca(NO₃)₂+55 mg·L^–1 GA₃. The effects of different storage temperature and time on pollen germination rate varied signifcantly, and the best storage temperature was -196°C. The pollen germination rate were signifcantly positively correlated with the activities of three protective enzymes, AsA content, and signifcantly negatively correlated with MDA content. At room temperature POD served as a sensitive protective enzyme, SOD and POD served as sensitive protective enzymes at 4°C, and SOD was sensitive protective enzyme at -20°C and -80°C. The order of the effects of three protective enzymes activities and AsA content on the germination rate of pollen was: SOD>CAT>AsA>POD. During pollen storage, the stability of pollen protective enzyme activities, MDA content and AsA content were the physiological characteristics of maintaining high pollen activity.

Key words: Paeonia lutea; pollen; longevity; storage; protective enzymes; MDA; AsA